1. The risk of cancer is the same for those people who smoke and have good antioxidant levels as it is for non-smokers with low levels of antioxidants. Study of 265,000 people in Japan in 1985.
Source: Hirayama T, “A large scale cohort study on cancer risks by diet – with special reference to the risk reducing effects of green-yellow vegetable consumption.” Princess Takarnatsu Symp. (USA), vol. 16, p. 41-53, (1985).

2. Alpha lipoic acid helps protect arteries (endothelial function) from damage done by smoking, poor diet and other artery damaging free radicals.
Source: Jones W, Li X, Qu ZC, Perriott L, Whitesell RR, May JM. "Uptake, recycling, and antioxidant actions of alpha-lipoic acid in endothelial cells." Free Radio Biol Med. 2002. Jul 1; 33 (1): 83-93.

3. Amino Acids are the keys to the effective replacement of cells throughout our bodies and have been identified as the key nutrients necessary for proper brain function. Smoking increases cellular stress and therefore the demand for amino acid. This stress is most noticeable in the brain where smoking interferes with neurotransmitter activity causing inappropriate cravings, cyclical alteration of moods and numerous biochemical imbalances.
Source: Braverman E, “The healing nutrients within,” New Canaan, CT; Keats Publishing, 1997, p. 9.

4. Amino Acids are the bodies basic building blocks with special capabilities to help smokers improve deteriorated circulation of blood. Research has shown the ability of amino acids such as taurine, arginine, and glutamine to protect the heart, improve brain function and enhance sexual performance, all of which can be seriously compromised by smoking.
Source: Chuntrasakal C, Siltharm S, et al. “Metabolic and immune effects of dietary arginine, glutamine and Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in immunocompromised patients.” J Med Assoc Thai 1998 May; 81 (5): 334-43.
And: Rector TS, et al. “Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of supplemental oral L-arginine in patients with heart failure.” Circulation 1996. Jun 15; 93 (12): 2135-41.
And: Pisarenko OI. “Mechansims of myocardial protection by amino acids; facts and hypothesis.” Clin Exp Pharmocol Physiol 1996 Aug; 23 (8): 627-33.
And: Souba WW. “Glutamine and cancer.” Ann Surg 1993 Dec; 218 (6): 215-28.

5. Arginine is a powerful amino acid which inhibits nitric acid synthase and improves endothelium-dependent dilation of blood vessels. The ability to improve circulation is especially important to smokers who have damaged the cellular lining of their arteries and blood vessels.
Source: Koifman B, et al. “Improvement of cardiac performance by intravenous infusion of L-arginine in patients with moderate congestive heart failure.” J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 26 (5), Nov 1, 1251-1256.

6. Astragalus is one of the most commonly used herbs in Chinese medicine with established capability to boost the immune system through the encouragement of white blood cell growth. It is also regularly used in the treatment of chronic lung conditions such as bronchitis.
Source: Yunde H, Guoliang M, Shutua W, et al. “Effects of radix astrangali seu hedysau on the interferon system.” Chinese Medical Journal 1981; 94 (1): 35-40.

7. Boron is known for its ability to assist calcium and vitamin D in the promotion of healthy bone development, but it is also proving to have a definite impact on the suppression of certain cancer cells.
Source: Murmu N, Ghosh P, Gomes A, et al: “Antineoplastic effect of new boron compounds against leukemic cell lines and cells from leukemic patients. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 21: 351-56, 2002.

8. Carotenoids, including vitamin A, have been shown to help prevent certain types of cancer as well as contributing specifically to healthy cells in the lungs and the eyes.
Source: Hulten K, et al. “Carotenoids, alpha-tocopherol, and retinol in plasma and breast cancer risk in northern Sweden.” Cancer Causes Control 2001; 153: 1142-47.
And: Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Hammar S. “Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease,” New England Journal of Medicine. Vol. 334, pp. 1150-55.

9. Chromium is well known for its ability to help stabilize blood sugar levels but it is also important for brain function.
Source: Franklin M, Odontiadis J. “Effects of treatment with chromium picolinate on peripheral amino acid availability and brain mononamine function in the rat.” Pharmacopsychiatry. 2003 Sep; 36 (5): 176-80.

10. Co Q 10 is present in every cell in the body and exhibits a strong antioxidant and protective role especially for the DNA of the cell. This is especially important to key organs in the body such as the brain, the heart, the kidneys and the liver where deficiencies of Co Q 10 have been recorded in people with illnesses in these organs.
Source: Matthews RT, Yang L, et al. "Coenzyme Q 10 administration increases brain mitochondrial concentrations and exerts neuroprotective effects." Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998 Jul 21; 95 (15): 8892-7.
And:
Folkers K, Osterborg A, et al. "Activities of vitamin Q 10 in animal models and a serious deficiency in patients with cancer." Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997. May 19; 234 (2): 296-9. Review.

11. Curcumin, a bioactive compound present in turmeric, has shown very strong anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In tests by the National Cancer Institute the curcumin compounds exhibited a high degree of anti-cancer activity including preventing or interfering with angiogensis activity (the spread of cancer).
Source: Adams BK, Ferstl EM, Davic MC, et al. "Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel curcumin analysis as anti-cancer and anti-angiogenesis agents." Bioorg Med Chem. 2004. Jul 15; 12 (14): 3871-83.
And: Zeit Phytother. 1989; 10(2): 66-70.

12. Echinacea has a long history in the strengthening of the immune system and is approved by Commission E in Germany for the treatment of many immune challenging diseases.
Source: Jurcic K, et al. “Two test subject studies for the stimulation of granulocytes phagocytosis by echinacea-containing preparations.”

13. Fish oils help to protect arteries (endothelial function) from damage done by smoking, poor diet and other artery damaging free radicals.
Source: Chin JP, Dart AM. “Therapeutic restoration of endothelial function in hypercholesterolaemic subjects: effects of fish oils”. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1994. Oct; 21 (10): 749-55.

14. Folate and vitamins B6 and B12 are needed for proper methylation, genome stability and hyperhomocysteinemia metabolism. Cognitive health conditions associated with insufficiencies of these nutrients include forgetfulness, memory loss, confusion, depression, dementia and mood changes. Smoking depletes these nutrients, thus contributing to these conditions.
Source: Selhub J, Bagley LC, Miller J, et al. "B vitamins, homocysteine, and neurocognitive function in the elderly." Am J. Clin Nutr 2000: 71 (2): 614S-20S.

15. Folic acid helps to protect arteries (endothelial function) from damage done by smoking, poor diet and other artery damaging free radicals.
Source: Wooks, Chook P, Cahn LL, et al. “Long-term improvement in homocysteine levels and arterial endothelial function after 1-year folic acid supplementation.” Am J Med. 2002. May; 112 (7): 535-9.

16. Garlic inhibits cholesterol biosynthesis, decreases platlet aggregation, reduces lipid peroxidation and lowers blood pressure.
Source: Budoff MJ. Prevention Medicine, 2004, Nov; 39 (5): 985-91.

17. Ginger root exhibits strong anti-inflammatory properties in human cells. A chemical in ginger root, zerumbone, has also been shown to suppress the growth of, and induced apoptosis in, leukemia and colon cancer cells in the laboratory.
Source: Murakami A, Takahashi D, Kinoshita T, et al. "Zerumbone, a Southeast Asian ginger sesquiterpene, markedly suppresses free radical generation, proinflammatory protein production, and cancer cell proliferation accompanied by apoptosis; the alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl group is a prerequisite." Carcinogenisis, 2002 May; 23 (5): 1795-802.

18. Ginko Biloba has been used for years to treat ailments such as asthma and bronchitis as well as impaired cerebral blood flow. It is approved in Europe and Canada for the treatment of dementia and clinical studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in the treatment of Alzheimer Disease. It scavenges oxidative radicals.
Source: La Bars PL, Katz MM, Berman N, et al. "A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginko Biloba for dementia." JAMA 1997: 278 (10): 1327-32.

19. Ginseng has shown the ability to stimulate brain and nervous system activity, allowing for increased energy and improved intellectual performance as well as producing a balancing effect on stress hormones.
Source: Shibata S, Tanaka O, Shoji J, et al. “Chemistry and pharmacology of Panax.” In: Wagner H, Farnsworth NR (eds.), Economic and Medicinal Plant Research. Vol. 1, London: Academic Press, 1985.

20. Glutathione is an antioxidant found in every cell in the body with especially high concentrations inside the linings of the lungs. Glutathiones key role is defending the lungs, and all cells, against oxidative stress caused by free radicals (cigarette smoke is filled with free radicals).
Source: Hoffer E, et al. (1996). "N-acetylcysteine increases glutathione content and protects rat alveolar type II cells against paraquat-induced cytotoxicity." Toxicology Letters; 84 (1): 7-12.
and: PRWEB. (2004). "Glutathione: A major discovery compared to penicillin." www.prweb.com/releases/2003/10/prwebxm186084,php.

21. Green tea extract helps maintain cellular DNA and membrane structural integrity. The active constituents in green tea are powerful antioxidants called polyphenols and flavonols. As such green tea is beneficial in protecting the body from oxidative damage due to free radicals. Research also indicates green tea may help maintain the health of the arterial wall by reducing lipids.
Source: Pillai SP, Mitscher LA, Menon SR, et al. "Antimutagenic/antioxidant activity of green tea components and related compounds." J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 1999; 18 (3): 147-58.

22. Licorice root has been shown, in animal studies, to increase the body’s supply of one of natures most powerful antiviral agents; interferon.
Source: Abe N, Ebina T, Ishida N. “Interferon induction by glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid in mice.” Microb Immunol 1982; 26: 535-539.

23. Magnesium plays an important role in maintaining the integrity and permeability of the mitiochondrial membrane. It is believed that magnesium deficiency creates a sluggish respiratory chain and increases the risk of cerebrovascular constriction and occlusion.
Source: Seelig MS "Consequences of magnesium deficiency in the enhancement of stress reactions: preventive and therapeutic implications (a review)." J Amer Coll Nutr. 1994; 13 (5): 429-46.

24. Methylsulfonyl-methane (MSM) is a source of sulfur, an essential nutrient. It is a component of connective tissue, antibodies and many proteins as well as a part of many detoxifying pathways for environmental chemicals and drugs. For smokers it has the very special capability of softening cell membranes which have hardened thus allowing nutrients to enter and waste to be removed.
Source: Beilke MA, Collins-Lech C, Sohnle PG. “Effects of dimethyl sulfoxide on the oxidative function of human neutrophils.” J Lab Clin Med 1987 Jul; 110 (1): 91-96.
And: Layman DL. “Growth inhibiting effects of dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl on vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells in vitro.” In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 1987 Jan; 23 (6): 422-28.

25. Milk Thistle contains silymarin which is a mixture of flavinoids that help the liver by reducing inflammation as well as the regeneration of liver cells thus helping them to be more efficient in the detoxification of blood.
Source: Pepping J: Milk thistle: Silymarin marianum. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 56:1195-1197, 1999.

26. N-acetylcysteine boosts glutathione levels but also has its own list of benefits including the reduction of mucus secretions and the easing of breathing difficulties in people with chronic breathing problems.
Source: Grandjean EM, et al. (2000). "Efficacy of oral long-term N-acetylcysteine in chronic bronchopulmonary disease. A meta-analysis of published double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trials". Clinical Therapeutics; 22 (2): 209-21.

27. Niacinamide is a strong inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase thus helping to reduce cyclic inflammatory cascade. This can reduce brain damage and neurological function losses caused by free radical damage.
Source: Ayoub IA, Lee EJ, Ogilog CS, et al. "Niacinamide reduces infarction up to two hours after the onset of permanent focal cerebral ischemia in Wistar rats." Neursci Lett 1999; 259 (1): 21-24.

28. Onions have been shown to have strong antioxidant effects and are an excellent source of quercitin which has particular influence on repairing damaged respiratory cells.
Source: Gao CM, Takezaki T, Ding JH, Li MS. “Protective effect of alluim vegetables against both esophagal and stomach cancer: A simultaneous case-referent study of a high-epidemic area in Jiangsu Province, China.” J. Cancer Res 1999. Jun; 90 (6): 614-21 K.

29. Pantothenic acid is helpful in the protection of the adrenal glands which are over active in smokers due to the constant release of adrenaline and cortisol.
Source: Krehl JA, “Protective effects of panothenic acid for adrenal glands,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1962, 11:77.

30. Potassium is an essential mineral important for many functions in the body including the maintenance of proper acid/alkaline balance. It also has been shown to have the special ability to lower blood pressure which is a problem for most smokers.
Source: Naismith DJ, Braschi A. “The effect of low dose potassium supplementation on blood pressure in apparently healthy volunteers.” Br J Nutr. 2003 Jul; 90 (1): 53-60.

31. Pycnogenol is a natural extract of pine bark, which has high levels of antioxidants. It raises the bodies level of immunity and has been used therapeutically for lung related diseases such as asthma.
Source: Hosseini S, et. al. (2001). "Pycnogenol in the management of asthma". Journal of Medicinal Food; 4 (4): 201-9.

32. A form of selenium called selenomethionine has been shown to boost a selenium dependent enzyme called glutathione peroxide, which is know to be deficient in people with impaired respiratory activity.
Source: Coursin DB & Cihla HP. (1996). "Pulmonary effects of short term selenium deficiency." Thorax; 51 (5): 479-83.

33. Spirilina has been shown in laboratory studies to be able to help repair genetic material that has been damaged by toxins (such as cigarette smoke) or by radiation.
Source: Quishen P, et al. “Enhancement of endonuclease activity and repair DNA systhesis by polysaccharide of spirilina.” Chinese Genetics Journal 1988: 15 (5): 374-381.

34. Taurine is one of the essential building blocks of cell repair and new cell development. Smoking causes arteries to harden which prevents dilation and contributes to heart disease and stroke. Taurine has shown the ability to return the arteries of smokers to normal or pre-smoking diameters and flexibility.
Source: Circulation. Jan. 7, 2003.

35. Various vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower and Brussel Sprouts have been shown to have stronger antioxidant and anticancer properties.
Source: Chiao JW, Wu H, Ramaswamy G, et al. "Ingestion of an isothiocyanate metabolite from cruciferous vegetables inhibits growth of human prostate cancer cell xenografts by apoptosis and cell cyclearrest." Carcinogenesis 2004; 25: 1403-8.
And: Chakraborty S, Roy M, Bhattacharya RK. "Prevention and repair of DNA damage by selected phytochemicals as measured by single cell gel electrophoresis.” J Enirron Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2004; 23: 215-26.

36. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) helps to protect arteries (endothelia function) from damage done by smoking, poor diet and other artery damaging free radicals.
Source: Gokce N, Keaney JF Jr, Frei B, et al. "Long-term ascorbic acid administration reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease." Circulation, 1999. Jun 29; 99 (25): 3234-40.

37. Vitamin D is important in protecting the body against the formation of undesirable cell colonies. Most people, especially those in northern climates, do not get enough vitamin D in their diets.
Source: Koike M, Koshizuka K, et al. "20-Cyclopropyl-cholecalciferol vitamin D3 analogs; a unique class of potent inhibitors of proliferation of human prostate, breast and myeloid leukemia cell lines." Anticancer Res. 1999. May-Jun: 19 (3A): 1689-97.

38. Vitamin E is a primary soluble antioxidant found in all tissues. Increased risk and occurrence of neurological disease has been associated with low levels of vitamin E. Smoking has been directly associated with damage and deterioration of brain cells thus making vitamin E a key nutrient in the protection of those cells.
Source: Tangel MC, Mancano LD. "Neurological findings in vitamin deficiency." Am Fam Phys 1997: 55 (1): 197-201.

39. Vitamin K not only helps to strengthen bones it also protects arteries and may even help prevent cancer and other degenerative diseases.
Source: Allison AC. “The possible role of vitamin K deficiency in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease and in augmenting brain damage associated with cardiovascular disease.” Med Hypothesis. 2001 Aug; 57 (2): 151-5.

40. Zinc is a special mineral due to its proven antioxidant capabilities. It is often used to reduce the severity and duration of colds, but it has also become an important part of treatment for most brain related illnesses. Smoking reduces zinc levels which must be restored. It is also key to the health of the digestive system (stomach lining especially) and the prostate gland.
Source: Bhatnagar S and Taneja S. Zinc and cognitive development. Br J Nutr. 2001 May; 85 suppl 2 S: 139-45.